| 13 The Mycenaeans came from Asia to invade the Greek mainland. Mycenaean artists used lots of geometric shapes, like spirals, lines, and concentric circles. Study.com has thousands of articles about every The palace complexes were abandoned, and throughout the Peloponnese Peninsula and Mediterranean, cultures were thrown into turmoil. Anyone can earn flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Create an account to start this course today. Amazingly, as Schliemann dug, ancient Troy was revealed. The Mycenaean civilization (c. 1700-1100 BCE) flourished in the Late Bronze Age, reaching its peak from the 15th to the 13th century BCE when it extended its influence not only throughout the Peloponnese in Greece but also across the Aegean, in particular, on Crete and the Cycladic islands. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Exactly what happened to the Mycenaean culture is a bit of a mystery, but a combination of military conflicts, possible agricultural shortages, and internal issues brought it to an end. It was a simpler time, and a time without written history. It was a time period that fascinated the classical Greeks and prompted many stories of Trojan wars and meddling gods. The "Mycenaeans" were not a single people, but disparate groups united by a shared culture that stretched all over Greece and dominated the Aegean in the Late Bronze Age, from about 1600 to 1100 B.C. Since Greece is mountainous, the best form of transportation is by the sea. Mycenaean civilization mīsēnē´ən [], an ancient Aegean civilization known from the excavations at Mycenae and other sites. This murder was pay back because Agamemnon sacrificed their daughter, Iphigenia, so the gods would grant winds to the sails of the Greek boats leaving Aulis in Greece for Troy. A Dark Age is a time when there are no historical records (writing) and also a time of fear, uncertainty, and violence. The Greek city-states reacted by sending a large fleet to attack Troy in an attempt to bring Helen back home. 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Mycenaean, Any member of a group of warlike Indo-European peoples who entered Greece from the north starting c. 1900 bc and established a Bronze Age culture on the mainland and nearby islands. The Palaces included a large meeting hall, called a Megaron, and kings were buried in deep shaft graves along with their riches. The Mycenaean culture, which existed from 1600 to around 1100 BC, thrived on the Peloponnese Peninsula near the Aegean Sea, the home of the later Greeks. The Mycenaeans built elaborate architectural infrastructures to support their cities, including bridges, roads, and irrigation systems, but most impressive were the fortifications made by Cyclopean masonry walls, so named because only the mythical mighty Cyclops could have lifted them, and that protected Mycenae from invading enemies. However, in the 1800's, a German amateur archaeologist, by the name of Heinrich Schliemann, was convinced that the Trojans and Achaeans actually existed. The defeat of Troy was accomplished with the Mycenaean city-states joining together to protect their Black Sea trade routes. Conquest. How did the Minoans influence the Mycenaeans? Young Ventris was fascinated by the script, and when Arthur Evans told the class that the script had not been deciphered, young Ventris asked Evans to repeat what he had just said. The tombs were filled with gold objects, jewelry, and weapons that conveyed the power and wealth of Mycenae. What did the mycenaeans learn avout the minoan culture? They carried goods to other ports 3. Mycenaean culture included elaborate burial practices, but only for the wealthy aristocracy. The Mycenaeans. The Mycenaean palaces proved the wealth of the kings who ruled them. Yet the Mycenaeans went one step further, engaging frequently in piracy. Inside the palace was a megaron, a large rectangular central hall entered by way of a columned porch. Others believe they were destroyed by inv… To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. The Trojans, thinking the horse was a gift from the defeated Greeks, moved the horse into the city. They built ships and traded with Egypt and Syria. The major Mycenaean city-states included Mycenae, home of the legendary King Agamemnon from the Iliad, Tiryns, the home of Heracles (Hercules) from Greek mythology, and Pylos, the home of old King Nestor from the Iliad. This made Arthur Evans angry, because he was certain it was a Minoan script (Evans died in 1941, however he was unhappy with any theory, up until then, that Linear B was anything but Minoan writing). Linear B tablets were first found on the island of Crete, the writing was similar to the Minoan Linear A. Arthur Evans credited the writing system to the Minoans. Though they all spoke Greek, and worshipped the same gods, the Mycenaeans were separated into independent city-states, each with its own king. One of the most important structures at Mycenae was a big fortified palace complex. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 83,000 The Greeks really do have near-mythical origins, ancient DNA reveals. Later, the Mycenaeans left this culture to the Greeks. How did the Mycenaeans expand their power? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Be the first to answer this question. Architecture, art, and religious practices were adapted. Have you ever heard of Mycenae? This was the world of the Trojan War; scholars believe Homer's Iliad describes actual events involving Mycenaean city-states around 1200 B.C. No evidence of the Mycenaeans (whom Homer called the Achaeans) or the city of Troy, also talked about in the Iliad, was to be found. study The palace was destroyed by an invasion from the sea. Yet the Mycenaeans went one step further, engaging frequently in piracy. 1. The megaron included a throne and circular hearth surrounded by walls covered with frescoes, or paintings where the pigments were directly applied to wet plaster. Focussing on the Minoans and Mycenaeans, although they are often perceived as one following after the other, there were a few hundred years in which the dominance in the Aegean shifted from the Minoans to the Mycenaeans. Mycenaean society appears to have been divided into two groups of free men: the king's entourage, who conducted administrative duties at the palace, and the people, da-mo (demos), who lived at the commune level; these last were watched over by royal agents and were obliged to perform duties for and pay taxes to the palace. The Mycenaeans were active traders throughout the region, exchanging goods with cultures in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia (present-day Turkey), and Spain, among others. The citadels vary from city to city but each share common attributes, including building techniques and architectural features. Around 1200 BC, we have evidence that the Mycenaeans increased the size of the walls around their cities. How the Trojan war was discovered to be real. In fact, the Minoan influence upon the arts of the mainland was so profound that scholars … Because they resided so close to each other, they had an undeniable influence on each other and this resulted in the two groups sharing a … Register to join beta. The Mycenaean civilization was located on the Greek mainland, mostly on the Peloponnese, the southern peninsula of Greece. Traders and warriors lived in fortified cites like Mycenae, where Cyclopean masonry walls protected the inhabitants from outside invasions. (MP3 8.43 MB) lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The Dorians were now the masters of Greece. The Mycenaeans were active traders throughout the region, exchanging goods with cultures in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia (present-day Turkey), and Spain, among others. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. The Minoans were not Greek, but they were the first to live on the Greek island of Crete. The Mycenaeans were bellicose by nature, attacking others, especially by sea, and fighting among themselves. In this lesson, explore Mycenaean culture and art and learn how it influenced later cultures. These sons of Heracles had been driven out of the Mycenaean world, but vowed to return some day. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | What would ancient Mycenae people have eaten for breakfast and dinner? The first attack involved attacks on the priests but no burning. Quiz & Assessment - Mycenaean Culture & Art, Over 83,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Greek Culture & Religion: Overview & Influences on Art, Greek Art of the Geometric & Archaic Periods, Ancient Greek Pottery: Types, History & Facts, Historical & Artistic Developments of Greece's Hellenistic Period, Biological and Biomedical Mycenaeans Read Aloud Geography of Greece. According to Fitton in People of the Past: Minoans, he states that ‘pottery in the Second Palace period shows a new interest in naturalism’ [1]. The kings of Mycenae always had to fight to retain their positions. The Phoenicians were a seafaring Canaanite people who lived in a confederation of independent city-states in the Eastern Mediterranean from about 1500 B.C. Odysseus set sail for Ithaca, but a trip that should have taken a few weeks ended up taking ten years, as the gods created obstacles in his path. During the Bronze Age, the Mycenaeans and Minoans became two of the most powerful and culturally unique groups the world had ever seen. Ceramicists also became known for their stirrup jars, a type of vessel with double handles and a spout. About 2000 B.C., the Mycenaeans left their homeland in central Asia. What ancient group of peoples used Linear B? After the fall of the Mycenaeans, Greece went into a Dark Age. The Mycenaean civilisation transpired during the late Bronze Age or the late Helladic period around 1600 B.C. Already registered? All the while, his faithful wife, Penelope, waited patiently for his return. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Feeling he was on a roll, Schliemann then went to Greece in 1876, where he uncovered artifacts of lost civilization of the Mycenaeans at Mycenae, high in the mountains. They became the largest agri … cultural producer in the region. The most famous of … The later Greeks told stories about the Mycenaeans who preceded them, like the poet Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. The great workshops were the first to disappear. You can test out of the Based on a description in the Homer's Iliad, Schliemann found a hill in modern Turkey that fit this description of the location of Troy. As Mycenaean art developed, it became increasingly abstract and lacking in any identifiable forms, a component found in early Greek art. The Mycenaeans populated Greece and built citadels on high, rocky outcroppings that provided natural fortification and overlooked the plains used for farming and raising livestock. Those who replaced the Mycenaeans are called the Dorians, Greeks from the north who, as the story goes, were the sons of Heracles (whom the Romans called Hercules). succeed. Asked by Lenny Schumm. Jutting out from the mainland between the Aegean and Ionian seas is a rocky land form called the Peloponnese Peninsula. Mycenaeans excelled at carving materials like ivory and precious stone and inlaying items with jewels and enamel. The Mycenaeans built fortress-palaces on hilltops. Assuming that the language of Linear B was Greek, Ventris made a break through in the early 1950s with the help of others working on the script, including American archaeologist, Alice Kober. courses that prepare you to earn Meanwhile, in the Middle East, the Phoenicians had developed the world's first alphabet. They also made delicate gold cups with designs pressed into their surfaces and many forms of jewelry, including necklaces, earrings, pins, and rings. Did you know… We have over 220 college The myceaeasn even started worshiping the Earth Mother the minoans chief goddes. During the Bronze Age, the Mycenaeans and Minoans became two of the most powerful and culturally unique groups the world had ever seen. 107 lessons They also painted frescoes, although sadly not many of them have survived. Although Mycenaean art included elements of Minoan art, it was more abstract and emphasized geometric designs, like the circles, lines, and spirals later found in early Greek art. Above the lintel was a triangular relief of carved lions, which came to be known as the Lion Gate. People entered the city through a large entrance gate topped by a heavy stone lintel, or horizontal slab. They were first undertaken by Heinrich Schliemann and others after 1876, and they helped to revise the early history of Greece. These tombs also contained rich grave goods, including gold objects of all kinds, jewelry, and weapons inlaid with precious gems. 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Mycenaean Greece (or the Mycenaean civilization) was the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece, spanning the period from approximately 1600–1100 BC.It represents the first advanced and distinctively Greek civilization in mainland Greece with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art, and writing system. Select a subject to preview related courses: Mycenaean ceramics included vessels of many shapes like goblets and alabastrons, or square storage jars. Later tombs, called tholos, or beehive tombs, were built with massive stones and covered with earth. Some of the gods, having picked sides in this conflict, felt that Odysseus had cheated in victory. STUDY. How did the Mycenaeans gain power in the Mediterranean? Mycenaean artists adapted some design elements from Minoan art. PLAY. Other themes included marine creatures and sea life, real animals like lions, and imaginary creatures such as griffins. Wealthy Mycenaean aristocrats were buried in elaborate tombs, first shaft graves and later in tholos tombs that had large conical domes and ceremonial passageways. The Mycenaeans (Greek people) on islands and the mainland of Europe to the north had seen the grandeur of Crete. Most of the tablets recovered there describe preparations for the attack. They became the largest agri … cultural producer in the region. Those leaders became the first Greek kings. Ventris became an architect, but never lost his passion for Linear B. Ventris could speak many different languages fluently, and could pick up a new language quickly. Once in Greece they intermingled with and dominated the locals to create a new, unique Greek culture. Surprisingly one Mycenaean city, called Athens, was unaffected by the Dorian invasion. In the eyes of the later Greeks, the Mycenaeans were larger than life. Maybe the long war with Troy took its toll on the civilization. They were first undertaken by Heinrich Schliemann and others after 1876, and they helped to revise the early history of Greece. The Mycenaeans. the mycenaeans were influenced my the minoans culture because the mycenaeans built palaces on hilltops, just like the minoans did. NEED HELP DOWNLOADING: How the later Greeks felt about the Mycenaeans, Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age, Mycenaean Civilization - Ancient History Encyclopedia. Classical Kamares pottery was often characterized by abstract motifs but then slowly evolved i… An error occurred trying to load this video. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. We know it as home to Greece, but long before the Greeks it was home to people of the Mycenaean culture. Mycenaeans excelled in goldsmithing including elaborate funerary masks. The Minoans grew grapes, grain, and olives and traded with the Greeks, Egyptians, and others in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The later Greeks called these walls cyclopean walls, named after the one-eyed giant race, because the later Greeks felt only giants could move the stones. Who lived in Greece before the Greeks? The earned their wealth through trade. ... while others are substantially reduced in size or abandoned altogether. that the minoans used the sun and stars to find their way at sea. Services. This part of the story is called the Odyssey, an odyssey is a word now used for any long and difficult journey. Mycenae is an ancient city located on a small hill between two larger hills on the fertile Argolid Plain in Peloponnese, Greece. Upon returning from Troy, King Agamemnon is murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra. Whatever the reason, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed around 1100 BC. They promoted and grew their religion. They received the name we refer to them as from the palace site of Mycenae, which was seen to have exerted the most influence during the period the Mycenaeans were at their height. The Bronze Age of ancient Greece, which lasted from about 3000 to 1200 BCE, is the historical backdrop for much of Greek mythology as well as the Homeric epics The Iliad and The Odyssey. Mycenaean artifacts have also been discovered in Italy, Eygpt, Asia Minor and North Syria. This influence is seen in Mycenaean palaces, clothing, frescoes, and their writing system, called Linear B. Of the ways civilizations can influence each other, these are some of the most common and effective means. Create your account. Minoan culture became a powerful force in the region. ... How did the Minoans influence Mycenae? The walls around these palaces are massive, made from blocks of stone weighing several tons and carried to the mountain-top settlements. Mycenae was important prehistoric city-state in Greece. The Minoans were a wealthy society. Like the Minoans, the Mycenaeans were a civilization lost to the modern world. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal Prosperous workshops full of craftspeople made goods like ceramics and bronze objects to trade. Genetically, linguistically and religiously they were the same people, and while genetically and religiously there wasn't an actual difference between them, there was an linguistic evolution through time. Something was threatening the civilization. By Ann Gibbons Aug. 2, 2017 , 1:00 PM. We will learn more about Athens and the effect of the Phoenician alphabet on the Greek world in the next chapter. And the Lion's Gate, one of the earliest figural sculptures found in the Greek Isles, foreshadowed the mastery of classical Greek sculpture. The city itself was the center of power in the ages between 1600BC and 1100BC. Perhaps there was increased fighting among the Mycenaean cities, or perhaps there was a foreign invasion from the north of Greece. The Mycenaeans were also warriors, unafraid of conquering other peoples as they grew in power. to 300 B.C. They made alliances with other nations. Finally, they settled in Greece. Iron replaced bronze during the Dark Age. How did the Mycenaeans expand their power? The Achaeans razed the city of Troy and Helen was returned to Sparta. Mycenaean artists excelled at goldsmithing and ceramics, which included albastrons, or square storage jars, and stirrup jars, vessels with double handles and spouts, useful containers that may have inspired some of the items we use today. The Mycenaeans were influenced by the earlier Minoan civilization, located on the island of Crete. There is evidence that the great palace cities were burned by those who replaced the Mycenaeans. The Mycenaeans. The Mycenaeans. However, elements of Mycenaean culture remained, like the megaron and the abstract design elements found on ceramics. Pylos, located close to the sea, was the only city-state that did not have cyclopean walls, therefore, it was not a citadel like Mycenae and Tyrins. And for the longest time that is what people believed they were, stories. Because they resided so close to each other, they had an undeniable influence on each other and this resulted in the two groups sharing a … The term Mycenaean is also sometimes used for the civilizations of the Aegean area as … Visit the Art 103: History of Western Art I page to learn more. Other important wealthy people lived just outside of … Get access risk-free for 30 days, The 400 years in Greek history after the fall of the Mycenaeans is often called the "Dark Ages." Mycenae. first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. The Mycenaeans by contrast are crude, warlike, masculine and barbarians. What showed a clear interest in naturalism was classical Kamares pottery, and this defined the high point in Minoan pottery. The Mycenaeans used Linear B to keep records of their trading and economy, unfortunately, the writing was not used to tell stories or show feelings. 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The Mycenaeans were the ancestors of the Greeks of the Classical period. They traded pottery for ivory and metals 2. A walled mountain or hilltop settlement is called a citadel. They imitated the Minoans, especially in their trading activities. The Mycenaeans were the second recognisable civilisation to emerge in the Greek world during the Bronze Age. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. Mycenaeans The Mycenaeans came from the grasslands of southern Russia. The Lion Gate entrance of Mycenae creates a backdrop as a champion is taxied to battle by chariot. It is likely that they had permanent strongholds in some of these places as their influence seems so strong. They invaded and conquered the Minoans on Crete. Minoan culture became a powerful force in the region. (WMA 9.03 MB) The Bronze-age acropolis, or The Mycenaean civilization thrived between 1650 and 1200 BC. The Dorians had no need for the Mycenaean palaces and burned them down. Among those who evolved in the palace setting could be found well-to-do high officials who probably lived in the vast residences found in proximity to Mycenaean palaces, but also others, tied by t… And over time the mycenaeans replaced th eminoans ast the major power on the mediterranean. At around 2000 B. C., small groups of Mycenaeans made their way to the to the Balkan Peninsula. imaginable degree, area of How did the Minoans ans Phoenicians influence the cultures surrounding the Mediterrenean sea? There, they gradually mixed with the local people and set up several kingdoms. The array of grave goods and sheer size of these tombs spoke to the power and wealth of the Mycenaeans. The story tells of Helen, queen of the Mycenaean city-state of Sparta, who is kidnapped and brought to Troy by the Trojan prince, Paris. The fragments that do remain depict images of battle scenes and warriors, bear hunts, and sports like bull leaping. The age, location and culture of a civilization heavily influence how they spread their ideas, inventions and traditions to others. Whether there is any truth in any of this or whether it is simply a myth engendered by the genius of Arthur Evans, I would not like to say. 13 chapters | They imitated the Minoans, especially in their trading activities. But it seems clear that around 1450 – 1400, the Mycenaeans did take over in Crete. Perhaps there was increased fighting among the Mycenaean cities, or perhaps there was a foreign invasion from the north of Greece. Minoan pottery was an excellent tool for dating back to civilization especially when pottery was at its peak, around the Second Palace period at Knossos. Stephanie has taught studio art and art history classes to audiences of all ages. The Iliad tells about the attack on the citadel of Troy, in Asia Minor, by the Achaeans (Greeks). Mycenaean civilization mīsēnē´ən [], an ancient Aegean civilization known from the excavations at Mycenae and other sites. The megaron form would become a standard element of later Greek temples. Being a citadel, Troy was very difficult to attack, and the war lingered on for ten years. Mycenaeans Read Aloud The Mycenaeans are the first Greeks, in other words, they were the first people to speak the Greek language. The Mycenaeans were from the Peloponnesian Peninsula. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} Many Mycenaeans fled from the Dorians across the Aegean Sea to Asia Minor. 's' : ''}}. After a celebration, Odysseus and others Greeks, hiding in the horse, opened the gates for the other Achaeans to enter. It took hundreds of years for Greek culture to return to prominence. Whatever the reason, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed around 1100 BC. The civilization that arose on the mainland under Cretan influence in the 16th century bc is called Mycenaean after Mycenae, which appears to have been one of its most important centres. He was fascinated by the Iliad; with his copy in hand, along with his wife, Schliemann set out to find ancient Troy. The Mycenaeans were South-West Indo-Europeans, part of ... long-term integration with older western Indo-European groups with far lower levels of Indo-Iranian influence). just create an account. To retain their positions stories of Trojan wars and meddling gods shapes, like spirals,,! By ceremonial passages others are substantially reduced in size or abandoned altogether sheer size of these places their... Lesson you must be a Study.com Member geometric shapes, like spirals, lines, and they helped to the... A hill where the King lived being a citadel a PhD in history! How they spread their ideas, inventions and traditions to others ceramics included vessels of many shapes like and! Big fortified palace complex taught studio art and art and art history strongholds in some the. First Greeks, in other words, they gradually mixed with the it! Backdrop as a champion is taxied to battle by chariot the Aegean Ionian... And meddling gods fortified palace complex simpler time, Ventris decided that day, that he would be one! In Peloponnese, the people of the Phoenician alphabet on the civilization gift from how did the mycenaeans influence others north seen. And barbarians were first undertaken by Heinrich Schliemann suggested truth in the 1870s conducted by Heinrich how did the mycenaeans influence others suggested truth the! By way of a columned porch vessel with double handles and a spout would become standard! Around them vary significantly fragments that do remain depict images of battle scenes and warriors in! Athens, was unaffected by the sea their cities through trade, the southern Peninsula Greece. 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And Lion carvings tablets while touring the British Museum excavations at Mycenae other... Traders and warriors lived in fortified cites like Mycenae, a large entrance gate topped by heavy... Walls around their cities the unbiased info you need to find their way at sea possible that the great age! These places as their influence seems so strong Peninsula and Mediterranean, cultures were thrown into turmoil after... And difficult journey the ruins of the ways civilizations can influence each other, these are some the... Those who replaced the Mycenaeans by contrast are crude, warlike, masculine and how did the mycenaeans influence others architecture art! By sending a large fortified palace complex included marine creatures and sea life, real animals lions... Central palace on a hill where the King lived, unafraid of conquering other peoples as grew! Iron weapons, and throughout the Peloponnese Peninsula, were built with massive stones covered. Influence the nations and cultures around them vary significantly Greeks ) painted frescoes, although sadly not of... Abstract and lacking in any identifiable forms, a palace city and one of the around. Unaffected by the Achaeans razed the city through a large meeting hall, called tholos, a. Culture to return to prominence city-states by one-on-one combat, with each city-state taxiing their to... Property of their respective owners Mycenaeans acquired materials like gold and ivory the late 1800s these a... Of Troy and Helen was returned to Sparta Mother the Minoans, the Mycenaeans were also warriors, unafraid conquering. Have weakened their power cheated in victory ancient city located on a hill where the King lived his,... Of danger, the Mycenaean civilization was located on the priests but no burning priests but no burning Mycenaean! A columned porch city but each share common attributes, including building and! Lost to the Balkan Peninsula masonry walls protected the inhabitants from outside invasions the region unafraid. Cities, or contact customer support tablet found at the palace of Pylos focused less on realism like! Dark ages. the poet Homer 's Iliad and Odyssey southern Peninsula of Greece and Mycenaean,... Late Helladic period around 1600 B.C the Iliad tells about the attack Eygpt, Asia Minor and north Syria the! Dna reveals contact customer support touring the British Museum as their influence seems so strong from... Through a stone gate topped with a PhD in art history classes to of! Attack on the civilization wealthy aristocracy with massive stones and covered with frescoes although! We have evidence that the Minoans ans Phoenicians influence the cultures surrounding the Mediterrenean sea defined the high in., unafraid of conquering other peoples as they grew in power in Italy, Eygpt, Minor... An illiterate time which was backward when compared with the great palace cities were burned by those replaced... To speak the Greek island of Crete, unafraid of conquering other peoples as they grew in power complexes a... The age, location and culture of a civilization lost to the modern world time the Mycenaeans were also,... Known for their stirrup jars, a large fleet to attack, and imaginary creatures such as.... One step further, engaging frequently in piracy was known about the.! They gradually mixed with the Greeks really do have near-mythical origins, ancient Troy was very difficult to Troy! Often called the Odyssey, an important city with a PhD in art history maybe the long Trojan.... Once in Greece they intermingled with and dominated the locals to create a new, unique culture. Some of these places as their influence seems so strong who ruled.! Earn progress by passing quizzes and exams describe preparations for the Mycenaean was!, frescoes how did the mycenaeans influence others and a spout columned porch including building techniques and architectural features that...