It gradually lost its vitality in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as its focus on Latin eloquence became out of date in a world increasingly won over to the vernacular literatures and new science. Over time, however, the courses of study were adapted for a wider audience — a process which was greatly hastened by the development of the printing press. The Renaissance humanists reasserted the importance of the humanities against the overwhelming dominance of philosophy and science in medieval higher education. Hence, there have been two opposing tendencies inscholarship: one which conflates the natural philosophy of thefifteenth and sixteenth centuries with the variety practiced in theMiddle Ages, even going so far as to interpret the Renaissanc… Als geistiger Vater der Humanisten gilt der italienische Dichter Petrarca. Italians of the time felt themselves to be the direct descendants of the ancient ​Romans, and thus believed that they were the inheritors of Roman culture — an inheritance which they were determined to study and understand. As a result, there was a burst of scientific and technological development during the Renaissance unlike anything seen in Europe for centuries. Coluccio Salutati (1331-1406) and Leonardo Bruni (1369-1444), for example, became chancellors of Florence in part because of their skill in using Latin in their correspondence and speeches, a style which became popular as part of the effort to imitate the writings of antiquity before it was deemed even more important to write in the vernacular so as to reach the wider audience of common people. Contemporary use of the term humanism is consistent with the historical use prominent in that period, while Renaissance humanism is a retronym used to distinguish it from later humanist developments. Salutati, Bruni, and others like them worked to develop new ways of thinking about Florence’s republican traditions and engaged in a great deal of correspondence with others to explain their principles. The earliest humanists were the librarians, secretaries, teachers, courtiers, and privately supported artists of these wealthy businessmen and merchants. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, the way of acquiring knowledge passe… Renaissance humanism was a revival in the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. Florence was the cradle of this Renaissance movement, from where the new philosophers, scientists and artists arose, who changed the theocentric vision that handled the church during the Middle Ages for an anthropocentric vision, where the man was the center and measure of everything. In the nineteenth century, it did not so much die as become metamorphosed. During the Renaissance period most … Die Renaissance beschreibt die Wiedergeburt der Antike. Renaissance humanism was, in the words of P.O. Petrarch was among the first to work to unearth long-forgotten manuscripts. Renaissance humanists understood by studia humanitatis a cycle of five subjects: grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history and moral philosophy, all based on the Greek and Latin classics. Human concerns were given greater attention, leading people to spend more time on work that would benefit people in their daily lives rather than the otherworldly interests of the Church. Renaissance humanism sloughed off its rhetorical impulse and became modern scholarly classicism. This was most likely due to the ongoing presence of a commercial revolution in the Italian city-states of the era. Indeed, Humanism was often critical of the stuffiness and repression of the Church over the centuries, arguing that humans needed more intellectual freedom in which they could develop their faculties. Depending on the humanist under discussion, one can legitimately speak of Christian humanism, lay humanism, civic humanism, Aristotelian humanism and other combinations. Kristeller, ‘a characteristic phase in what may be called the rhetorical tradition in Western culture’ ([1955] 1961: 11). At first, he intended to compose his great epic in Latin verse. Its leading protagonists held jobs … Rather it was a cultural movement centred on rhetoric, literature and history. Renaissance Humanism and Philosophy as a Way of Life JOHN SELLARS A long-established view has deprecated Renaissance humanists as primarily literary figures with little serious interest in philosophy. Renaissance humanists as primarily literary figures with little serious interest in literature, art, Lucan. Der Kirche und bei den Päpsten hochangesehene Leute among the first to work to unearth long-forgotten manuscripts einzelnen Humanismuskonzepten Unterschiede! 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