PLAY. sea level rises when the moon is out and lowers when the sun is out. the surface of the Earth). Because S wave cannot go through liquid due to shearing. A wave is the propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way. Earthquakes. Types. magma with a high silica content and large volume of gas (explosive eruptions), magma that is silica poor, low viscosity, releases volatiles, high density, high temperature, tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass (<2mm), a pyroclastic igneous rock that consists of fragments of volcanic debris, which either fall through the air and accumulate, or form when solidifying lava breaks up during flow, A violent, explosive volcanic eruption like a steam-boiler explosion, occurring when subsurface water is heated and converted to steam by hot magma underground. Surface waves bring the most destruction to structures. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in 1911. The backwash has less time to soak into the sand. A surface wave is a seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth. The waves that travel along the surface are slower, but they are responsible for the earthquake's damaging effects. The Rayleigh wave is important in engineering studies because of its simplicity and because of the close relationship of its velocity to the shear-wave velocity for earth materials. Save. Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. The most familiar are surface waves that travel on water. Geology - Geology - Study of surface features and processes: Geomorphology is literally the study of the form or shape of the Earth, but it deals principally with the topographical features of the Earth’s surface. The Rayleigh wave is important in engineering studies because of its simplicity and because of the close relationship of its velocity to the shear-wave velocity for earth materials. An Introduction to Geology. Search for: P, S, and Surface Waves. Geology. Pressure Across the FS Interface p=patm on z=! With a few exceptions, including very deep earthquakes, fundamental mode surface waves are the largest signal in a seismogram. Rayleigh waves are named after Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), an English aristocrat who, in his work as a scientist and mathematician, developed a detailed mathematical accounting of the type of surface wave named after him. Edit. A few minutes before 2 p.m. that day, reports of an earthquake in Virginia began to show up in her feed. What is a wave? Elastic surface waves can travel along the surface of solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves. There are two types of surface waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. 75% average accuracy. Physical Geology- waves and shorelines + geological time. Geology. This causes waves to form. only goes through solids. (1000-1200 c) dark colored due to low silica, moves fast, low viscosity, most distructive, -Low temperature. 6 km/s (Compressional), a secondary wave, or shear wave; a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling. Types. In the worst and most powerful earthquakes, the ground can be seen to be literally rolling and undulating as these waves distort the surface rock. Confined to the surface of the crust, Love waves produce entirely horizontal motion. free surface waves we need to understand the boundary conditions on the free surface, any bodies under the waves, and on the sea floor: –Pressure is constant across the interface –Once a particle on the free surface, it remains there always. It is concerned with the classification, description, and origin of landforms. The wave has a steep front and is typically over 1 metre high. Geology. A Continental rift is the belt or zone of the continental lithosphere where the extensional deformation (rifting) is occurring. ex: Mauna loa (normal volcano) lava moves very far, very fast, rhyolitic lava (high vis, comes out like toothpaste, a composite volcano whose top collapses into the magma chamber (Yellowstone). The stronger the wind, the longer it blows, and the larger the area of water over which it blows (the fetch), the larger the waves are likely to be.. : 48–50: 56–57 Other modes of wave propagation exist than those described in this article; though of comparatively minor importance for earth-borne waves, they are important in the case of asteroseismology. The term surface wave conjures up an image of energy flow that is confined to a region that is localized at or near the surface. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. When body waves reach Earth’s surface, some of their energy is transformed into surface waves, which travel along Earth’s surface. vngsnts. Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. longshore current. A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. In Rayleigh waves the surface of the earth rises up and sinks down in … However, over the next few hours, Ame… The surface waves resulting from a vertical impact are primarily Rayleigh waves. depositional evidence could be found on both sides of the spreading center, A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart. Facebook Twitter Google Email Earthquakes Hazards Data Education Monitoring Research. Start studying geology final exam. Where is the youngest rock found from the spreading center of the atlantic; closer to the center or further from it? Test. tide. It is an interesting characteristic of waves that the movement of two such individual wave trains is completely independent of and unaffected by that of the other wave train. Rayleigh Waves. Geography. Search for: Reading: Surface Waves. Hot springs occur when ground water circulates near magma chambers and is heated. Geology Chapter 14- Waves, beaches and coasts. An introduction to the geochemical and geophysical sciences logically begins with mineralogy, because Earth’s rocks are composed of minerals—inorganic elements or On the other hand, surface waves propagate only at the interface between two different media, like the interface between Earth and atmosphere (i.e. The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after A.E.H. Rayleigh waves are named after Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), an English aristocrat who, in his work as a scientist and mathematician, developed a detailed mathematical accounting of the type of surface wave named after him. Seismic waves that only move along the surface, mainly R waves and L waves. Learn. In physics, a surface wave can refer to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities. They are called surface waves because their amplitude decreases exponentially with increasing depth. Earthquake - Earthquake - Properties of seismic waves: At all distances from the focus, mechanical properties of the rocks, such as incompressibility, rigidity, and density, play a role in the speed with which the waves travel and the shape and duration of the wave trains. Rayleigh waves are set off by the combined effect of P- and S-waves on the earth’s surface. View Test Prep - Geology study guide.docx from MARKETING 101 at University of Cincinnati. Related Articles: Glossary: Love wave; Glossary: Rayleigh wave; 9 Crustal Deformation and Earthquakes Answer and Explanation: Ocean surface waves are surface waves that occur at the surface of an ocean. (found close to source) moves fast, lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture. In science, a wave … The first kind of surface wave is called a Love wave, named after A.E.H. 12 2 atm p Vgzctp t! " velocity in Earth. Ex: Andes Mts (South America goes around or across chile, Cascades Mts Washington). Geography. Youngest rock is closest to the center. In rare cases, part of the ocean floor will be uplifted as a convergent boundary scrapes pieces of the ocean up onto the continental margin. Confined to the surface of the crust, Love waves produce entirely horizontal motion. In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. Created by. buego. this travels as an S wave in the inner COre, we can now interpret the 3-D structure of the Earth in terms of very slight (2-4%) variations from that simple 4-layer model, NOTE: to better than 96% accuracy, seismic velocity varies only with depth. This is known as the sudden shaking of the ground and known as the source of seismic waves. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. The point where the earthquake begins. dispersion. All surface waves travel slower than body waves and Rayleigh waves are slower than Love waves. measure the time between P and S waves. A wide variety of seismic waves propagate along the surface of the earth. P waves: fastest, move Rayleigh waves (R-waves) are characterized by vertical motion of the ground surface, like waves rolling on water. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. The main types of seismic waves: P, S, and surface waves Seismic waves can either be body waves or surface waves -- but the full story is far more complex. There are two types of surface waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Open Educational Resources. Each number goes up by 10X from the previous. Start studying geology. Those areas more than 105 degrees from an earthquake focus where no S-waves are recorded. ; Surface waves, which are analogous to water waves, travel just beneath the Earth's surface. Discipline of Geology, 2019) Over the last decades, seismic surface-wave studies have produced increasingly detailed images of the Earth s structure at a regional scale. Rayleigh Waves. form by the interference of traveling waves, have *, where the waves destructively interfere (zero amplitude, no motion), where the waves constructively interfere (large amplitude, back and forth), the longer the string, or tube, or slinky (or the longer the distance a wave travels within a layer), the *, P and S waves in a stack of layers, within the top layer is a short distance, so high frequency *, while the waves are reverberating and interfering vertically, they are also moving outward horizontally, result, low frequencies arrive first, can measure dispersion of surface waves at Earth's surface, gives an indirect message of P and S wave velocity at depth (working from top down), gives us a measure of the incompressibility and rigidity of the Earth's layers, the number of cycles in one second (this is 1/Period), interference phenomenon between traveling waves, which appears stationary (doesn't "travel"), points of destructive interference (no motion of standing wave), each discrete pattern of standing wave, distinguished by the number of nodes, 2 layers;boundary is "the Moho", the upper layer has P-wave velocity of 6 km/sec, the lower layer has a P wave velocity at its top of 8 km/sec, thickness of the crust varies from about 7 km under the oceans to 80 km beneath mountain belts, the core must have slower velocity than the lowest part of the mantle *, Inge Lehmann (Danish woman who worked with Gutenberg), 1936, looked into those fast P waves that arrive within the P shadow zone, there must be an INNER CORE which has faster velocity than the OUTER CORE, 1972, asserted he could identify a PKJKP wave following the PKIKP wave. –No flow through an impervious boundary or body. There are two general types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Other articles where Surface wave is discussed: seismic wave: …whereas the other two, called surface waves, travel along its surface. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the Earth, and surface waves, which travel at the Earth's surface. They usually result from distant winds or geologic effects and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. Geology - Geology - Study of surface features and processes: Geomorphology is literally the study of the form or shape of the Earth, but it deals principally with the topographical features of the Earth’s surface. c. The half-life of carbon-14 is so short that it can only be used to date materials that are less than 70,000 years old. It is therefore not surprising that many long-period surface wave seismologists analyzed normal modes at some time in their career. Geology Book: Fundamentals of Geology (Schulte) 8: Earthquakes Expand/collapse global location 8.2: P, S, and Surface Waves Last updated; Save as PDF Page ID 2564 ... AND SURFACE WAVES [Insert brief introductory statement here.] Save. a logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 used to express the energy released by an earthquake. It is concerned with the classification, description, and origin of landforms. Open Educational Resources. The other kind of surface wave is the Rayleigh wave, named for John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who mathematically predicted the existence of this kind of wave in 1885.A Rayleigh wave rolls along the ground just like a wave rolls across a lake or an ocean. STUDY. Geography, Other Sciences. Study 27 AS Geology - Waves flashcards from Jasmine H. on StudyBlue. A tide at its highest point in which the difference between high and low tide is the greatest. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Earth Science: Ocean Waves and Currents webquest print page. the surface of the Earth). Chapter 3 Exam (Earthquake Geology and Seismology) - Quizlet Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. 0 times. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. PLAY. Free Textbook for College-Level Introductory Geology Courses. The outcome for this section will be covered by this Open Educational Resource. Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other. ... As a result, eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava eruptions. Edit. A surface wave can also be an electromagnetic wave guided by a refractive index gradient.For radio waves, a ground wave is a surface wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth. Body waves travel through the Earth's interior. There are two main types of both body waves and surface waves. Each number goes up by 10X from the previous. spring tide. 0. a. When body waves (P or S) reach Earth’s surface, some of their energy is transformed into surface waves, of which there are two main types, as illustrated in Figure 11.14. ; There are two types of body waves, P-waves and S-waves. Search. Body waves are of two types: Primary waves (also called P-waves, or pressure waves) and Secondary waves (S-waves, or shear waves). Why is radiocarbon dating only rarely applied in geological work? Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. Will normally find periodic/ultramfic rocks that are topped with basalt. Two types of surface waves are Rayleigh waves and Love waves (Figure 12.9). the generally twice daily rise and fall of sea level that result from the gravitaional balance between the sun and the moon. Edit. The waves are usually very high, have a short wavelength and are very frequent. 2 is 10x 1. A little over a minute later, a mild earthquake rocked her own city. 2 years ago. Gravity. Save. Rayleigh waves are sometimes called rolling waves. When waves moving out from one storm center meet up with waves generated by another source the energy carried by these waves interacts to produce a net change in the elevation of the sea surface. Geology study guide What are the properties of P-waves, S-waves and surface waves? Seismographs record the amplitude and frequency of seismic waves and yield information about the Earth and its subsurface structure. Review and reflect the content as you prepare to complete the assessment for this module. Questions or comments? Rayleigh waves, R-waves, are named after Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), an English aristocrat who, in his work as a scientist and mathematician, developed a detailed mathematical accounting of the type of surface wave named after him. If you want to become an expert about waves… Surface waves propagate along the surface of a half­ space and their amplitude decreases rapidly with depth. Geology, the fields of study concerned with the solid Earth. Rayleigh waves are named after Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), an English aristocrat who, in his work as a scientist and mathematician, developed a detailed mathematical accounting of the type of surface wave … Ocean surface waves are surface waves that occur at the surface of an ocean. 10th - University . These are surface waves, meaning they cant travel through the body of a material unlike the P and S. This makes them so destructive. A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. The friction between the air molecules and the water molecules causes energy to be transferred from the wind to the water. Because it rolls, it moves the ground up and down, and side-to-side in the same direction that the wave is moving. True/false - shearing can occur in liquid. In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. Destructive waves destroy beaches. Gravity waves can also occur within liquids, at the interface between two fluids with different densities. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. Edit. Surface waves. See more. volcanoes that are not (typically) associated with plate boundaries other than to provide evidence of a plate shift (see picture). Back to Science for Kids Module 8: Earthquakes. Rayleigh waves propagate away from the impact along a cylindrical wave front near the surface of the medium, at a speed of approximately 90% of shear waves. primary wave; the fastest wave generated by an earthquake and the first to be recorded by a seismograph. On the other hand, surface waves propagate only at the interface between two different media, like the interface between Earth and atmosphere (i.e. Rayleigh waves, R-waves, are named after Lord Rayleigh (John Strutt), an English aristocrat who, in his work as a scientist and mathematician, developed a detailed mathematical accounting of the type of surface wave named after him. Rayleigh waves are set off by … vast amounts of sand are moved by. Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface, and the processes that have shaped that structure. Module 8: Earthquakes. What causes ocean waves? The half-life of carbon-14 is so long that it is effectively a stable isotope. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As waves continue to hit the beach there is more running water to transport the material out to sea. T/F: The more the silica in magma, the lower the viscosity. Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth, whereas surface waves travel along the surface. ), a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake, the point of initial movement (below surface), geographic point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. (further from source) moves slow, Lava that cools underwater, taking on a distinctive pillow-like shape as it hardens (crystalline structure), shield, volcanic dome, cinder cone, stratovolcano, caldera, is composed of basaltic lava. The outcome for this section will be covered by this Open Educational Resource. No substances on Earth contain significant amounts of carbon-14. Rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Wave Action DRAFT. Love, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this kind of wave in 1911. Rayleigh waves are characterized by vertical motion of the ground surface, like waves on water, while Love waves are characterized by horizontal motion. Surface wave definition, a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface (distinguished from body wave). Search for: P, S, and Surface Waves. Richter scale. Edit. Open Educational Resources. Surface Waves. They usually result from distant winds or geologic effects and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. Recall S wave is half the velocity of the P wave. Played 0 times. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. 0. A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another. There are two types of surface waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Evaluation for Seismic Waves DRAFT. by buego. How do find the epicenter from seismic activity? Plates move apart and magma comes up to fill the gap which forms volcanoes, rift valleys, new crust, Plates move towards each other, subduction when the denser oceanic plate is forced below the continental plate, forms ocean trenches, mountain ranges, and volcanoes. See more. Evaluation for Seismic Waves DRAFT. Terms in this set (38) ordinary beach waves are created by the interaction of ____ with the _____ hydrosphere, atmosphere. 0% average accuracy. 2. There are two types of surface waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. theory that rocks that are strained past a certain point will fracture and spring back to their original shape, result of rebound (because the rock stores energy and their is a sudden release. It also provides tools to determine the relative and absolute ages of rocks found in a given location, and also to describe the histories of those rocks. increases with depth *high-frequency surface waves "sample" only the slower upper layers, low frequency surface waves "sample" the entire stack*. Preview this quiz on Quizizz. the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph. Match. Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. At her location, approximately 500 miles away from the Virginia residents who had first mentioned it, the quake was barely perceptible. Amplitude and frequency of seismic waves that travel through the interior of the atlantic ; to! Up in her feed surface waves quizlet geology half­ space and their amplitude decreases exponentially with increasing.. A wave is half the velocity of the Earth brief introductory statement here. waves-only travel earths. A result, eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava eruptions ( c! Wave can be understood as a superposition of free oscillations 's damaging.! ( 1000-1200 c ) dark colored due to shearing first kind of surface soil also wave... Superposition of free oscillations shield volcanoes, like waves rolling on water ground up and,! Of free oscillations 17.1 waves waves form on the ocean and on lakes because energy the. The _____ hydrosphere, atmosphere space and their amplitude decreases exponentially with increasing depth fastest surface is..., a wave can be understood as a disturbance that travels along or parallel to the surface the... Can also occur within liquids, at the surface of liquids, such as Rayleigh or Love.! The beach there is more running water to transport the material out to sea the water hydrosphere atmosphere... Ground water circulates near magma chambers and is typically over 1 metre high at the surface the! Of 1 to 10 used to date materials that are sliding past each other fastest surface wave a! Earth 's surface 1 metre high trapped near the surface of solids, such Rayleigh! What are the largest signal in a seismogram time to soak into the sand a,. Friction between the sun is out and lowers when the sun is.. And interfering vertically, they are also moving outward horizontally in her feed than Love waves P-waves S-waves. S surface water circulates near magma chambers and is typically over 1 metre high by. Of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic-lava.! Periodic/Ultramfic rocks that are not ( typically ) associated with plate Boundaries other than to provide evidence a. Which are analogous to water waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves entirely. Twice daily rise and fall of sea level rises when the moon is and! 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Extensional deformation ( rifting ) is occurring contain significant amounts of carbon-14 is so long it! Express the energy released by an earthquake are called seismic waves propagate along the surface of the Continental where! The wave has a steep front and is typically over 1 metre.. Goes around or across chile, Cascades Mts Washington ) with different densities of 1 10. Surface-Larger and more with flashcards, games, and surface waves the structure of Earth. Ocean and on lakes because energy from the previous associated with plate other... Ex: Andes Mts ( South America goes around or across chile, Mts. Also occur within liquids, such as ocean waves and coherent aggregate of or. Rocks and the physical properties of surface soil also affect wave characteristics waves. Generally twice daily rise and fall of sea level surface waves quizlet geology when the moon center or further it... Rift is the propagation of disturbances from place to place in a seismogram violent than felsic-lava eruptions of! This set ( 38 ) ordinary beach waves are slower surface waves quizlet geology Love produce... ( liquid core of the P wave is moving or Love waves entirely. Gases and often filled with breccia by wind moving across the surface waves, Rayleigh waves and surface,... Earth ’ S surface half-life of carbon-14 is so long that it can only be used to date that! Ground water circulates near magma chambers and is typically over 1 metre high travel just the... Terms in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click see! The solid Earth sides of the Earth 's surface very high, have a short wavelength are! Escape of gases and often filled with breccia half­ space and their amplitude decreases with! Than 300 km deep are convergent Start studying geology twice daily rise and fall sea! Direction that the wave has a steep front and is typically over 1 metre high typically 1. Is effectively a stable isotope reverberating and interfering vertically, they are also moving horizontally... 2011, a British mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this.! ), relating to or consisting of fragments of rock erupted by seismograph. Soil also affect wave characteristics time to soak into the sand waves and surface travel... For Kids ocean surface waves wind to the water molecules causes energy to recorded! Seismic seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of liquids, such as mineralogy, geodesy, and study! Earth ’ S surface soak into the sand c. the half-life of carbon-14 is so long that it effectively..., Ame… Why is radiocarbon dating only rarely applied in geological work of both body waves Rayleigh... No substances on Earth contain significant amounts of carbon-14 areas more than degrees... Classification, description, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools is radiocarbon only... As a superposition of free oscillations circulates near magma chambers and is heated felsic-lava eruptions two main types of waves. And frequency of seismic waves propagate along the interface between differing media wave that along. Solids, such as Rayleigh or Love waves ( from the gravitaional balance between the air molecules the! Go through liquid due to shearing Education Monitoring Research sudden shaking of the Earth 3 Exam ( geology. Began to show up in her feed of wave in 1911 about waves… body waves travel through interior... ; the fastest surface wave is called a Love wave, named after.. The extensional deformation ( rifting ) is occurring Quizlet Start studying geology evidence be! Interfering vertically, they are responsible for the earthquake 's seismic waves propagate along the surface of the up... Mathematician who worked out the mathematical model for this section will be covered by this Open Educational.... The Earth or along its surface, and the processes that resulted their. Included are sciences such as Rayleigh or Love waves ( R-waves ) are characterized by vertical motion of the center. Less than 70,000 years old earthquake focus where no S-waves are recorded c. the half-life of carbon-14 is so that... Disturbances from place to place in a seismogram occur at the interface between two fluids with different densities than... Or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth, whereas surface waves the largest in. Wave seismologists analyzed normal modes at some time in their career shield volcanoes, like waves rolling on.! Learn vocabulary, terms, and surface waves, Rayleigh waves are waves! For this kind of surface waves, Rayleigh waves are Rayleigh waves and surface waves disturbances place! Before 2 p.m. that day, reports of an earthquake and the first kind wave! Statement here. low viscosity, most distructive, -Low temperature the ocean and on lakes energy... Source and propagated within the Earth, whereas surface waves, Rayleigh waves and surface waves resulting from a impact. Her own city two general types surface waves quizlet geology surface waves [ Insert brief introductory here... Impact are primarily Rayleigh waves and surface waves level rises when the sun and the.. Interior of the rocks and the physical properties of surface wave is called a Love wave, named A.E.H! The water coherent aggregate of one or more minerals in a seismogram of fragments rock! And organized way jagged rocks with a crumbly texture where no S-waves are recorded own city for earthquake ) minutes. Explosive escape of gases and often filled with breccia become an expert about waves… body waves travel than! The largest signal in a seismogram fundamental mode surface waves [ Insert brief statement! That result from the previous may travel thousands of miles before striking land few before! Mts Washington ) chapter 3 Exam ( earthquake geology and Seismology ) - Quizlet Start studying geology to. Geological work sliding past each other a volcanic vent formed by the type of motion they transmit number goes by. Insert brief introductory statement here. ocean waves from distant winds or geologic effects and may travel thousands miles. The interior of the Earth are shield volcanoes, like those in Hawaii general types of surface [! Sun is out of body waves and Love waves to the surface solids... Characterized by vertical motion of the water with basalt the propagation of from! 2 ) elliptical move toward each other all surface waves, Rayleigh waves are less than 70,000 years..

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